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Morphology (Animals) --- Zoology. --- Embryology.

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Scientific expeditions. --- Marine animals --- Marine animals --- Norwegian Sea.

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"If the author of this book had had to choose a title for it after it was written he would have called it "A Romance of the Animal World." For the contents both seem and are romantic and wonderful, although--with the exception of such doubtful or possibly doubtful observations as are given on the authority of the writer himself--there is nothing therein which does not rest on scientific investigation or on the evidence of trustworthy observers, who, at different times and in different places, have had co-incident experiences, and whose accounts bear the stamp of sober research, and are the simple description of things they actually saw. But as histories (of nations as of individuals), related just as they really happened and still are daily happening, are full of more wonderful and more startling occurrences, of grander tragedy and more irresistible comedy, of more apparently impossible and incredible things and events than are told in fiction, and leave far behind them the boldest fancies of poets and novelists, so it is also with nature; she is wont, the more we peer into her secrets, to bring the most marvelous, the mightiest and the most "astonishing forms out of the simplest and the least differentiated. That "Mind in Animals" especially is in reality a far other, higher and more complex thing than had hitherto been generally conceived, and indeed than the ruling schools of philosophy desired (and still desire) to admit, can be unknown to none who is acquainted with animals, not alone from hearsay and from philosophic writings, but from his own intercourse with them, from his own observation, or from the works and teachings of real and unprejudiced observers. For such observation furnishes continually, and with overwhelming fullness, the most startling and incontrovertible examples and proofs, that between the thinking, willing, and feeling of men and of animals there is the most striking similarity, and often a mere difference of degree. But even among comparatively educated people it has been little thought and felt that this rule applies also to those classes of animals which appear to be so far below us as those treated of in the present work; our intellectual vanity will have to submit to bitter humiliation and rebuke in contemplating the proceedings--or the societies and deeds--of these unjustly despised, but yet, in spite of their minuteness, wonderful creatures. But the greater the humiliation from the one point of view, the greater from the other is the satisfaction arising from the renewed proof of the sublime unity of Nature; and hence that the same intellectual or spiritual principle, call it reason, understanding, soul, instinct, or propensity, pervades the whole organised series, even if in the most manifold modifications and variations, from below to above, from above to below"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Animal intelligence. --- Cognition in animals.

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Laboratory animals --- Medical care --- Research.

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Entre L'Origine des espèces (1859) et La Filiation de l'Homme (1871), La Variation des animaux et des plantes à l'état domestique, ouvrage dans lequel on reconnaîtra le plus méticuleusement documenté et le plus étendu des traités généralistes de Darwin, occupe en 1868 une place intermédiaire, vouée tout d'abord à la consolidation illustrative et argumentative d u tranformisme. C'es t en effet la variation des êtres vivants qui, sélectionnée et transmise, constitue le matériau dynamique de la transformation des espèces. Conscient du mystère de son origine, Darwin la poursuit, depuis l'observatoire aménagé par la domestication, sous toutes ses manifestations visibles. Parcourant le cham p immense ouvert à la sélection par les variations spontanées des organisme s dans l'univers de la zootechnie et de l'horticulture, il étudie le phénomène variationnel, qu'il soit morphologique, instinctuel ou mental, depuis ses manifestations les plus courantes jusqu'à la production des particularités les plus singulières. Chaque fois, un écart observé, isolé et parfois inconsciemm ent ou méthodiquement reproduit, atteste la variabilité naturelle du vivan t, expose l'ampleur de sa plasticité et relativise les frontières apparentes entre les êtres. Si la théorie de la descendance modifiée par l'action de la sélection naturelle explique le mécanisme de la formation des espèces à partir des variétés, elle ne sait rien encore de la nature et de la source de la var iation elle-même dans le processus de génération, ni des règles exactes d e sa transmission. C'est à ce nonsavoir momentané (pré-mendélien malgré de sensibles approches) qu'essaie de porter remède, à l'avant-dernier chapitre de cet ouvrage, la remarquable - et, de fait, post-newtonienne - "hypothèse provisoire de la Pangenèse".

#R: Lenègre --- Variation (Biology) --- Domestic animals --- Plants, Cultivated